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Last edit date: 2015-04-16
Introduction
The process of extracting DNA from a cell is the first step for many laboratory procedures in biotechnology. The scientist must be able to separate DNA from the unwanted substances of the cell gently enough so that the DNA is not broken up.
It is both interesting and important to understand the reason for some of the steps in the procedure below. An onion is used because it has a low starch content, which allows the DNA to be seen clearly. The salt shields the negative phosphate ends of DNA, which allows the ends to come closer so the DNA can precipitate out of a cold alcohol solution. The detergent causes the cell membrane to break down by dissolving the lipids and proteins of the cell and disrupting the bonds that hold the cell membrane together. The detergent then forms complexes with these lipids and proteins, causing them to precipitate out of solution.
Terms and Concepts
Bibliography
Rice, M. (n.d.). DNA Extraction Principles: How do you get DNA out of a whole organism? Retrieved June 30, 2010, from http://www.slideshare.net/meganrice/dna-extraction-principles
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